Anaerobic respiration in yeast Essay

AIM: See the effect of temperature in anaerobic respiration of yeast by counting carbon dioxide bubbles. HYPHOTESIS: Anaerobic respiration in yeast will decrease as temperature increases. VARIABLES: Independent: Temperature Dependent: Rate of anaerobic respiration in yeast Fix: Volume of sugar solution (40ml) , Concentration of sugar solution, yeast mass (2g), volume of solution of yeast & sugar all together (20ml) MATERIALS: Delivering tube 2 test tubes 2 beakers Bunsen Burner Tap Water Thermometer ( ±0.1 °) Electronic Balance Spatula Sugar Solution Yeast Water Measuring Cylinder PROCEDURE: 1. Measure 40 ml of sugar solution with the measuring tube. Place the 40 ml on the big beaker 2. Measure 2 g of yeast using the electric balance. Place the 2 g on the beaker with the sugar solution 3. Stir the yeast-sugar solution (Solution A) using the glass stick until the yeast has completely dissolved 4. Separate Solution A into two 20 ml solutions (Solution A1 and Solution A2). To do so, measure 20 ml with the measuring tube and place them on a small beaker. Repeat the procedure with the other 20 ml. 5. Prepare a water bath on the Styrofoam cup. Using the thermomether, make sure the water bath has a temperature of 45 °C. 6. Light the Bunsen burner. Heat solution A1 to a temperature of 40 °C 7. Using the measuring cylinder, measure 15 ml of Solution A1 and place them on one of the boiling tubes. Cover the boiling tube with the delivery tube and place the other end of the delivery tube into a test tube which contains tap water 8. Count the number of CO2 bubbles  coming out of the delivery tube. Record the number of bubbles which came out each minute (checking time with the stopwatch) 9. Repeat from step 5 with Solution A2, but this time heat the solution up to a temperature of 100 °C instead of 40 °C. CONCLUSION: We may realize that our aim was successfully achieved because we  were able to know the effect of anaerobic respiration in yeast in 2 temperatures: 40 ° & a boiling temperature (90 °-100 °). If we see our results we may see that in test tube B, the one with the boiling water, hasn?t produced CO2 bubbles, there is no bubbles because yeast is boiled, so yeast don’t breath because when it was boiled it was killed, that causes yeast to not to breath. By looking at the formula of anaerobic respiration in fungi (yeast) & bacteria: We can see that yeast contains glucose, because if the product is CO2 , the have to contain glucose. If we see graph 1 we can see that the line that indicates de results for water at 40 ° is increasing as time passes. As I already mentioned, at a boiling temperature yeast don’t breath so we can say that as temperature increases less CO2 bubbles are produced, so less respiration is done by yeast. EVALUATION: One way in which we may improve the experiment is by doing different ranges of temperatures, & changing the volume of yeast it would be interesting for another experiment. One of the main source of uncertainty in this experiment is the observer because if you confuse the number of bubbles the results may be different, in another way the observer could be the source of uncertainty is by when reading the thermometer placed into the water, you may confuse and the results will not be the same because yeast will be placed in another temperature.

“Once More to the Lake” by E.B. White Essay

1.In paragraphs two, ten, and twelve of â€Å"Once More to the Lake,† White’s brilliant use of metaphors, similes, and personification illustrates a lucid image of the speaker’s intertwining past and present for the reader. White starts paragraph ten with a fragment, â€Å"Peace and goodness and jollity,† and creates a great emphasis on his past and current feelings. He continues to illustrate his past memories with a personification of the vocal senses as he explains the sound of the motorboats; â€Å"the one-lungers throbbed and fluttered, and the twin-cylinder ones purred and purred, and that was a quiet sound too.† He then compares this beautiful memory of the past to his current experience of the outboard powerboats, and exclaims, â€Å"These motors †¦ whined about one’s ears like mosquitoes.† This contrasting simile outlines the speaker’s transition from one point of time to another within his illusion. He continues to use a metaphor to describe the behavior of the old boats, and explains, â€Å"The boat would leap ahead, charging bull-fashion at the dock.† After a thunderstorm passes, White describes his son as he is entering the water; â€Å"As he buckled the swollen belt suddenly my groin felt the chill of death.† The â€Å"chill of death† is a metaphor for the truth White finds himself a part of, even though he is experiencing both his past and present. He realizes that the life course that leads to death starts with birth, and that his son’s maturity also means that the end of White is approaching. This, along with his allusion between past and present, allow White to develop his universal truth within his text. At first, while his illusion from the similar shape of the outdoors gives the false perception that time has not past, his pinpointing of the different identities of the son and father serves as testimony that the cycle from birth to death is universal. 2.In â€Å"Once More to the Lake,† White utilizes connotative words and phrases to establish the illusion that is the connection between childhood and adulthood. In his return to the lake, many years after his childhood, White confronts multiple changes as he struggles with the illusion that the peaceful world of his childhood, and his present existence within it, remain the same. In paragraph one, White describes the things that remind him of past memories with the words, â€Å"Restlessness of the tides and the fearful cold of the sea water and the incessant wind.† These words all have negative  connotations, and let the reader know that the speaker’s present experiences make him wish to go back â€Å"to revisit old haunts.† These words and their negative connotations are crucial to the nature of the illusion the speaker is describing. It provides the pretext of why he wishes for memories of his past. White says, while fishing with his son; â€Å"I looked at the boy who was silently watching his fly, and it was my hands that held his rod, my eyes watching. I felt dizzy and didn’t know which rod I was at the end of.† These connotative words allow White to establish a connection between young and old, past and present, then and now. These linked ideas blur the line between birth and death, and serve to establish the truth that the cycle from creation and mortality is universal. 3.White employs many descriptive details throughout his story. He creates contrasting symbols, almost placed as an antithesis, to illustrate his realization of age, and the universality of life to death. Taking his son fishing is the event that convinces him â€Å"beyond any doubt that everything was as it always had been, that the years were a mirage and that there had been no years.† A dragonfly that lands on the tip of his son’s fishing rod ignites this feeling that the two, both son and father, are the same individual. When he lowered the tip of his rod â€Å"into the water, tentatively, pensively dislodging the fly, which darted two feet away, poised, darted two feet back, and came to rest again a little farther up the rod,† he asserts that â€Å"there had been no years between the ducking of this dragonfly and the other one – the one that was part of memory.† Here, White’s language has bulls-eye precision, and the dragon fly is transformed into a representation of the continuous cycle of life and death. The present mixing with his past experience is again validated with details of the lake that â€Å"had never been what you would call a wild lake.† It is a calm, tranquil, and bounded place where youth is apparent. Here, the lake represents the familiarity of one’s past. This description is contrasted with the sea, as it comes right after the description of the endless body of water. The sea has the remnant memories of â€Å"restlessness of the tides and the fearful cold of the sea water and the incessant wind.† The sea symbolizes the harshness of aging, while the lake symbolizes the familiarity and safety of youth and the past.

Ionization Energy Definition and Trend

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion. The first or initial ionization energy or Ei of an atom or molecule is the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of isolated gaseous atoms or ions. You may think of ionization energy as a measure of the difficulty of removing electron or the strength by which an electron is bound. The higher the ionization energy, the more difficult it is to remove an electron. Therefore, ionization energy is in indicator of reactivity. Ionization energy is important because it can be used to help predict the strength of chemical bonds. Also Known As: ionization potential, IE, IP, ΔH ° Units: Ionization energy is reported in units of kilojoule per mole (kJ/mol) or electron volts (eV). Ionization Energy Trend in the Periodic Table Ionization, together with atomic and ionic radius, electronegativity, electron affinity, and metallicity, follows a trend on the periodic table of elements. Ionization energy generally increases moving from left to right across an element period (row). This is because the atomic radius generally decreases moving across a period, so there is a greater effective attraction between the negatively charged electrons and positively-charged nucleus. Ionization is at its minimum value for the alkali metal on the left side of the table and a maximum for the noble gas on the far right side of a period. The noble gas has a filled valence shell, so it resists electron removal.Ionization decreases moving top to bottom down an element group (column). This is because the principal quantum number of the outermost electron increases moving down a group. There are more protons in atoms moving down a group (greater positive charge), yet the effect is to pull in the electron shells, making them smaller and screening outer electrons from the attractive force of the nucleus. More electron shells are added moving down a group, so the outermost electron becomes increasingly distance from the nucleus. First, Second, and Subsequent Ionization Energies The energy required to remove the outermost valence electron from a neutral atom is the first ionization energy. The second ionization energy is that required to remove the next electron, and so on. The second ionization energy is always higher than the first ionization energy. Take, for example, an alkali metal atom. Removing the first electron is relatively easy because its loss gives the atom a stable electron shell. Removing the second electron involves a new electron shell that is closer and more tightly bound to the atomic nucleus. The first ionization energy of hydrogen may be represented by the following equation: H(g) → H(g) e- ΔH °Ã‚   -1312.0 kJ/mol Exceptions to the Ionization Energy Trend If you look at a chart of first ionization energies, two exceptions to the trend are readily apparent. The first ionization energy of boron is less than that of beryllium and the first ionization energy of oxygen is less than that of nitrogen. The reason for the discrepancy is due to the electron configuration of these elements and Hunds rule. For beryllium, the first ionization potential electron comes from the 2s orbital, although ionization of boron involves a 2p electron. For both nitrogen and oxygen, the electron comes from the 2p orbital, but the spin is the same for all 2p nitrogen electrons, while there is a set of paired electrons in one of the 2p oxygen orbitals. Key Points Ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion in the gas phase.The most common units of ionization energy are kilojoules per mole (kJ/M) or electron volts (eV).Ionization energy exhibits periodicity on the periodic table.The general trend is for ionization energy to increase moving from left to right across an element period. Moving left to right across a period, atomic radius decreases, so electrons are more attracted to the (closer) nucleus.The general trend is for ionization energy to decrease moving from top to bottom down a periodic table group. Moving down a group, a valence shell is added. The outermost electrons are further from the positive-charged nucleus, so they are easier to remove. References F. Albert Cotton and Geoffrey Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed., John Wiley 1988) p.1381.Lang, Peter F.; Smith, Barry C. Ionization Energies of Atoms and Atomic Ions. Journal of Chemical Education. 80 (8).

Critical Review On The Reconstruction Of Automobile...

Guided Critical Review – Loftus and Palmer 1974 Q1) The purpose of Loftus and Palmer’s study concerning the ‘Reconstruction of Automobile Destruction’ took place in order to test their hypothesis that language used in eyewitness testimony can modify a subject’s memory of a certain event. Therefore, they aimed to demonstrate that a leading question could misinterpret an eyewitness testimony account and consequently, could result in complete misjudgement, as the cues embedded within the question could distort the account entirely. To justify this idea, Loftus and Palmer asked subjects to estimate the speed of vehicles using a variety of question types. Generally, estimating the speed of a vehicle is a skill which the human population are very poor at, therefore the subjects may adopt a habit for guessing. There were two laboratory experiments involved in the study, which both acquired the same independent variable, the verb embedded within the question. However, the dependent variable in Experiment 1 was the subjects’ speed estimate and the dependent variable in Experiment 2 was if the subject thought they saw glass. Both experiments were an illustration of independent measures design. Forty five students from the University of Washington took part in Experiment 1, who were put into groups of various size. Each subject was shown seven films of traffic incidences. The clips were short fragments from road safety films which ranged in length from 5 to 30 seconds. AfterShow MoreRelatedLoftus And Palmer : Reconstruction Of Automobile Destruction-Critical Review1495 Words   |  6 PagesLoftus and Palmer (1974) reconstruction of automobile destruction- Critical Review Overview of study ‘The language used in eyewitness testimony can alter an individual’s memory’, the Loftus and Palmer study was carried out to test that hypothesis. Two experiments were carried out within the study. The study had a quasi-experimental design. Experiment one involved forty-five students participates, the participants were shown various films of automobile accidents, after the participants viewed theRead MoreLoftus And Palmer Reconstruction Of Automobile Destruction1425 Words   |  6 PagesLoftus and Palmer (1974) Reconstruction of Automobile Destruction: Critical Review Loftus and Palmer’s study on the interaction between language and memory was based on the hypothesis  that the phrasing/leading questions used to question an eyewitness can alter the event memory. The study specifically looks at how people recall the speed, vehicles were travelling at when involved in road traffic accidents. The paper spoke in brief about other evidence to support their Hypothesis, this was relevantRead More A fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal: Does physical appearance of a defendant influence juridical judgement?2885 Words   |  12 Pages15, 2012, from Social Issues Research Centre: http://www.sirc.org/publik/mirror.html Garland, B. E., Spohn, C., Wodahl, E. J. (2008, Fall). Racial Disproportionality in the American Prison Population: Using the Blumstein Method to Address the Critical Race and Justice Issue of the 21st Century. Justice Policy Journal, 5(2), 1-42. Gordon, B. (2011, October 6). The Salem Witch Trials, live on your Television. 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Security Of Nosql Database Against Intruders Essay

Security of NoSQL Database against Intruders Abstract The evolution of distributed web based applications and cloud computing have generated the demand to store voluminous of big data in distributed databases efficiently to offer excessive availability and scalability to users. The new type of database resolves many new challenges especially in large-scale and high concurrency applications which are not present in relational database. These new sorts of databases are not relational by using explanations and hence they do not prop up whole SQL performance. As progressively insightful big data is being saved in NoSQL databases, it is essential to preserve higher security measures to ensure safe and trusted communication across the network. In this paper, we describe the security of NoSQL database against intruders which is growing rapidly. This paper also delineates probably the most prominent NoSQL databases and descriptions their security aspects and problems. Keywords: NoSQL, Security, Intruders, Big Data, Authentication, Big table. 1. Introduction NoSQL databases had made for unraveling the Big Data issue by utilizing a distributed system to bring out excellent performance in data storage and retrieval at very large-scale. At this scale, pieces of the system often fail and NoSQL is created to handle these failures (Chow, 2013) (Ron, Shulman-Peleg, Bronshtein, 2015). Various companies have espouse different sorts of non-relational databases, ordinarily alluded to asShow MoreRelatedData Storage Model Nosql Databases Essay1112 Words   |  5 PagesModel NoSQL Databases Document Databases MongoDB, IBM Cloudant, RethinkDB, Elasticsearch , CouchDB, ArangoDB, OrientDB, Couchbase Server, SequoiaDB, Clusterpoint Server, JSON ODM, NeDB, Terrastore, RavenDB, AmisaDB, JasDB, RaptorDB, Djondb, densodb, SisoDB, SDB, NoSQL embedded db, ThruDB, iBoxDB, BergDB, MarkLogic Server, EJDB (Mohamed et al., 2014; Okman et al., 2011). Figure 3. Document Store Type (Saladage, 2014). 3.4 Graph Databases – There are few NoSQL Databases store

Importance of Agriculture free essay sample

Kenya have a food secure and an impressive economic growth as dictated by the World Bank (2008). . 4 Hypotheses of the Study H0: There isn’t need to improve agricultural extensions for women farmers in Kenya. H1: There is need to improve agricultural extensions for women farmers in Kenya. 1. 5 Research Questions 1) What role do women farmers play in improvement of productivity in the agricultural sector? 2) Is there need to focus agricultural extension for women farmers in Kenya? These questions will look into majorly and until recently often overlooked feature of low-income economies agricultural sector, the crucial role women farmers play in farm production. Women play a major role in agricultural work nearly 80% of the total providing an important source of labour for each crop production, livestock production, cottage industries and food production for household consumption on these facts, reforms and mainly agricultural extensions for women can be viewed as raising their productivity and increasing the real output, GDP (Gross Domestic Product). We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Agriculture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Women also play an important role in providing food security for the household and aggregate country’s food security. Mehra (1991, 1440-1447) has made the suggestion that women should focus on cash crop production as they commit most of their times in agricultural work as compared to men. The structural changes could help Kenya have an improved productivity and the share of contributions made from this practise increased. A gap is left out to ensure that there is enough food produced for consumption as the focus shifts to cash crop production. In Kenya the ministry of agriculture operates a national extension system which sidelined women and focused on men farmers. This impaired the agricultural sector from taking off and made the sector weaken as a productive part was left out of the loop. Gladwin and McMillan 91989, 345-369) advocated for technology development and focus on training women farmers and provision of funds to women’s organisation and societies. This could empower women ability to indulge in agriculture production and improve their disposed machinery. What is not explained in their study is what role their counterparts, male will be engaged. To move to a middle income economy should involve both gender and although empowering the active side, the other part should also be regarded.

Organizational Ethics Encouraging whistle

From the article, ‘For One Whistle-Blower, No Good Deed Goes Unpunished’, it is certain that whistle-blowing to external entities including government agencies and the media can be detrimental to whistle-blowers, fraud-spotters, or truth-tellers. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Ethics: Encouraging whistle-blowing within organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this particular case, we note that Mr. Maris, the whistle-blower, is sued and later fired by his employer (Bank of America) for reporting about the financial status of Biovail, a pharmaceutical company that fails to achieve its estimated earnings due to fraud and stock manipulation within the organization (Eisinger, 2011, para. 1-5). Accordingly, this case shows the risk involved in whistle-blowing to external entities even in the presence of legal protection. Here, both the whistle-blower and the organization may face legal battles, which end up tarnishing the organization’s image and the career of the whistle-blower. Furthermore, the whistle-blower risks being shunned by workmates, besides being exposed to close supervision or being alienated. Such unfavorable experience leaves one wondering whether whistle-blowing is an important activity to pursue or a hazardous one. In this essay, we highlight the most appropriate changes to ethical standards to resolve the issues discussed in the preceding section. To prevent whistle-blowing to external entities such as the media, there is the paramount need for organizations to encourage internal whistle-blowing. In this way, an organization can be least assured that employees will be hesitant in discussing unethical practices within their organization with external entities. Furthermore, when internal whistle-blowing systems are in place, employees are encouraged to discuss illegal issues within the organization with the top-management, thus givi ng room for speedy resolution before they cause damage to both the organization and the whistle-blower. As a result, the major objective of internal whistle-blowing should entail encouraging employees to freely talk about unethical issues with internal authorities to eliminate the risks involved in exposing such issues to third parties. Moreover, the presence of an internal whistle-blowing mechanism demonstrates the organization’s commitment to existing codes of conduct.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, it is worth-noting that some ill-motives or barriers to internal whistle-blowing programs can also be as detrimental to both parties involved as in the case of external whistle-blowing. Here, cases of lack of trust between the top-management and the employees, unwillingness of the employees to divulge on illegal issues within the organization with others, mis guided solidarity with the wrong-doers, fear of retaliation and close supervision, and fear of alienation are just but a number of major barriers to successful implementation of the internal whistle-blowing program. Therefore, these issues must be considered and resolved by the relevant authorities before embarking on developing the internal whistle-blowing program. Subsequently, the process of developing an internal whistle-blowing program or culture should entail a step-by-step protocol that begins with creating a policy. Here, the policy should incorporate official mechanisms for whistle-blowing including hotlines and mailboxes that do not require senders to leave their names for protection. Furthermore, the policy should outline a clear chain of command and communication processes for internal whistle-blowing. Accordingly, the policy should be designed in such a way that it reflects the existing code of ethics. The subsequent steps in this process should include seeking endor sement from other management processes including the CEO, publicizing the organization’s commitment toward ensuring the success of the program, investigating claims and making appropriate follow-ups, and finally, assessing the whistle-blowing system to ensure that it does not overrun the existing organizational ethics and values. Overall, the increasing public scrutiny of organizational activities and behavior should worry the management processes within any organization, and therefore, the only way out is to encourage openness within the organization itself to avoid leaking of damaging information to outsiders.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Ethics: Encouraging whistle-blowing within organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference Eisinger, J. (2011). For one whistle-blower, no good deed goes unpunished. Business Ethics-The Magazine of Corporate Responsibility. Retrieved from ww w.business-ethics.com/2011/06/01/1746-for-one-whistle-blower-no-good-deed-goes-unpunished/ This essay on Organizational Ethics: Encouraging whistle-blowing within organizations was written and submitted by user Catherine Caldwell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.